Effective Decisions free essay sample

He referenced a case of Stephen Greenshank that affirms that occasionally it is smarter to be shrewd as opposed to being simply savvy. Basically, he referenced having a dynamic diary, that at whatever point you have a significant choice to settle on, you can compose the choices you have come up, how you showed up at it, and accept what are the impacts of your choices. Changing voices particularly composing was testing. It very well may be threatening in light of the fact that it's anything but a typical method of communicating to us non-writers.Eventually, e need to become accustomed to in a business composing way and even academic way. Both are fundamental in light of the fact that recorded as a hard copy you need to consider your perusers and what level of information they can fathom. In some cases we will in general excessively express our considerations through extravagant words that lead to deviation in the fundamental idea, hazy message, and disarranged musings. To keep away from this, you should be brief, utilize natural jargon and must be intelligent. We will compose a custom exposition test on Powerful Decisions or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I can arrange the distinctions of business composing versus.. Insightful composition into three classifications: rest, arrangement, and its readers.In business keeping in touch with you are attempting accomplish explicit objective to finish a vocation while insightful composing otherwise called scholarly composing that is ordinarily utilized in scholastic fields. It is typically founded on exploration of the picked subject. Business composing frequently has a short substance like reminders, reports and assessments. In scholastic composition, we have papers, research projects and lab reports that are normally required to have broad exploration and great sources. Insightful composing can be utilized to help administrative riding since it is normally founded on research and for the most part composed by specialists.

Honor Killing in Islam

Presentation Honor executing is a general practice among Muslim people group against young ladies, young ladies or grown-up ladies. The families perform respect slaughtering on the grounds that a specific female part has disrespected them. At first, guardians use demise dangers to control their girls. Families perform respect killings utilizing different primitive and savagery means.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Honor Killing in Islam explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More It might include the utilization of consuming, assaulting, stoning, pounding the life out of, cutting throat, executing and suffocation, among others. Network and more distant family individuals set and keep up respect killings. The people group doesn't censure the culprits. Rather, they consider it to be regularizing strict procedure. On the off chance that the young lady get away, the family look through her so as to perform respect murdering. Restricting strict perspectiv es on respect slaughtering Melissa Robinson contends that no place in Islam are respect killings supported or approved. Or maybe, the Koran expresses that the family is assume to respect ladies and young ladies and never mishandled, hurt, or killed them (Friedman, 2010). Be that as it may, Robinson recognizes that respect killings are issues in Muslim social orders, however she calls attention to that there are numerous societies and religions that experience aggressive behavior at home and murder. She clarifies that individuals offer misanthropic expressions, by Muslim strict pioneers, yet in addition by Christian evangelists, logicians, progressives, existentialists, history specialists, researchers, artists, and others. She reasons that respect killings are not naturally an Islamic issue. Be that as it may, when they happen in Muslim families, they ought to be censured by Muslims wherever as being un-Islamic. Then again, Robert Spencer takes note of that families use Islam to leg itimize respect killings. He contends that despite the fact that Koran doesn't energize the murdering of ladies dependent on such offenses, the commonness of respect killings is again and again in Muslim social orders and families to the degree that they can never again be instances of abusive behavior at home. Spencer draws from the historical backdrop of Islamic nations where social orders use religion to legitimize viciousness against ladies. Spencer says that it is difficult to expect that Islam has nothing to do with respect killings when lion's share of such killings occur in Islamic setting. Spencer noticed that there are conditions where individuals connect respect killings to Islamic practices. He further sees that there are situations where Islamic culture teaches perspectives that can prompt respect executing (Friedman, 2010). Robinson and Spencer urge Muslim pioneers to denounce respect killings among Muslim social orders in the event that they accept that Islamic confid ence has nothing to do with respect killings.Advertising Looking for evaluation on social examinations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Socio-monetary perspectives on respect killings One of the variables that decide if an issue of respect prompts a respect slaughtering is the connection among Muslims and their locale individuals. For example, Turks experience social troubles when network bars them from different individuals. Subsequently, a family whose respect is in question will encounters pressure from the network to perform respect killings. The degree of open information will decide whether respect murdering happens or not. Thusly, on the off chance that numerous individuals think about the shame, at that point the family is probably going to take part in respect murdering. Turks are probably going to complete respect killings when faced straightforwardly with the loss of their respect. A family can overlook the loss of its respect till transparently stood up to with it, so, all things considered it can't disregard it any more (Eck, 2003). Open allegation improves the probability of respect killings, as opposed to a point to which loss of respect is a typical information. This is on the grounds that open allegation prompts discipline. The gathering liable for loss of respect might be freely blamed by the harmed party in the event that the individual in question can't assume liability. For this situation, individual thought processes may impact respect murdering. Loss of respect among Muslim social orders may incite open disparagement or tattle. Families attempt to reestablish respect via completing honor killings. In this way, loss of respect no longer subjects them to disengagement and derision. Respect murdering effectively restores harmony, regard and decontaminating the family name (Eck, 2003). Loss of respect in a family that outcomes into work misfortune and dread of joblessness is probabl y going to results into respect killings. Loss of respect can be unfortunate for families who have their organizations. When the general public has detached a family, clients will pull back coming about to crumple of undertakings. Thusly, the networks sentence the family to an existence of affliction. Studies show that social desire is among the contemplations controlling a choice to take part in respect killings. Be that as it may, this might be impacted by conventional qualities. A family may endeavor to recapture its lost greatness and regard by methods for respect executing inside their own class, where individuals from the class view such killings decidedly. Notwithstanding, it is huge to take note of that respect executing doesn't improve one’s social versatility inside the class framework (Wenona Hyndman, 2004). There are occurrences where respect slaughtering doesn't fill the need of reestablishing and filtering the family. The thought processes of such respect killin gs go from affectations to murder certain individuals, improve a girl’s odds of getting marriage, removing kids from stepfather, to wrongdoings of passion.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on Honor Killing in Islam explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More At present, some different factors, for example, accessibility of weapons like guns make an empowering situation for respect killings. Some case might be identified with use and maltreatment of medications and liquor. Pundits contend whether there is a contrast between respect killings and abusive behavior at home including killings. References Eck, C. (2003). Sanitized by Blood: Honor Killings Amongst Turks in the Netherlands. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Friedman, L. S. (2010). Women’s Rights: Introducing Issues with restricting perspectives. New York: Greenhaven Press. Wenona, G. Hyndman, J. (2004). Locales of Violence: Gender and Conflict Zones. California: University of California Press. This evaluation on Honor Killing in Islam was composed and presented by client Willa Watkins to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Capstone Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Capstone Business Plan - Assignment Example The clients can communicate their individual necessities to the HR advisors who can furnish them with altered answers for meet their particular needs. The customers will profit by the particular administrations of the very much qualified experts who can comprehend their prerequisites and give brief conveyance of the custom-made administrations on schedule. Capstone will be a beginning up adventure that will be possessed and overseen by 6 accomplices who are knowledgeable about HR the executives zones and will contribute their aptitudes and skills to advance the previously mentioned business objectives. The business will at first beginning with a speculation of US $300,000. The all out capital prerequisite will be satisfied by a speculation of $50,000 by every one of the 6 partners.Keys to progress The accomplishment of the business will be founded on its system to make its market specialty through particular and redid HR answers for its customers. The business won't center just around chosen industry portions, yet will take into account the necessities of organizations over all enterprises and activities. The focused on showcase section for the business consequently will include little, medium and enormous scope associations who look for master HR arrangement. While the HR consultancy division faces extraordinary rivalry with driving worldwide players like Capgemini, Booz, Allen and Hamilton among others, the emphasis will be on unrivaled assistance execution and moment administration approach. Capstone will offer its customers with all around inquired about arrangements that are shown up at after a total assessment of the customer needs and existing vital practices in labor the executives. The underlying spotlight will be on making verbal proposal or market notoriety to set u p its market nearness. Consequently the valuing of the administrations offered during the initial a few years of activity will be serious. Organization crucial strategic Capstone Consultancy Services will be to assess customer prerequisites and offer altered HR arrangement bundles that meet and surpass client desires. The business will take into account the HR needs of organizations over all industry parts and broaden its aptitude in conveying exclusive requirements of HR administrations. Business objectives and targets Capstone will concentrate on building up its qualities and abilities in such a way, that it gives its clients specific assistance that will help the business in producing benefit and supporting long haul development. The objectives and targets of the business will be to: Offer its customers all out fulfillment in giving tweaked HR sol

A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges :: Personal Narrative Career Essays

A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges The vocation that I might want to accomplish is the one that I have dream of since my father propelled me as a young man. I have for a long while been itching to be a preservation official for northern Michigan. A protection official must have the option to play out all the errands set before him. A portion of these are authorizing fish and untamed life laws, watching and ensuring parks and woodlands, and keeping up the earth. For me as a dyslexic this makes learning and mean tanning an expert standard in the activity field hard. This not just represents a physical test, it header’s my point of view. I not just observe thing an alternate way additionally master thing in an alternate manner. For me I am a sound-related, hands on student. As protection official they ought to likewise be capable impart verbally and nonverbally with individuals and manage elevated levels of weight. All together for a protection official to be fruitful, that why I am here at like state deferring with my physical impairment. To arrive at these fantasies here at lake express the PC innovation is off the talks I have a hp PC that I have programming that I can peruse to me called read please and I can peruse to my PC with winged serpent. I likewise have a filtering pen that works extraordinary for schoolwork and notes. I likewise got a computerized recording device that will connect to my PC and I can religious circle that in to composed later notes. The ORSC can get any books on tap for me and I can diminish to him as opposed to perusing them with all the innovation I can document my objectives her at lake state. I talked with Casey Elliot from the Shiawasse Conservation Office. In his brief timeframe there, he said that he had discovered that it was essential to chip in your time as an understudy. He moved on from Central Michigan University two years a go. He revealed to me that planned managers took a gander at his graduation records and on the off chance that he had invested any energy as a volunteer while going to school it would have helped his activity possibilities. He spoke a little about his activity and what he does. He truly doesn't have a normal day, however a few days he strolling ranch fields to ensure that ranchers are cultivating the land they guarantee to be cultivating. A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges :: Personal Narrative Career Essays A Future Conservation Officer: Battling Physical Challenges The profession that I might want to accomplish is the one that I have dream of since my father enlivened me as a young man. I have for the longest time been itching to be a preservation official for northern Michigan. A preservation official must have the option to play out all the assignments set before him. A portion of these are upholding fish and untamed life laws, watching and securing parks and woods, and keeping up nature. For me as a dyslexic this makes learning and mean tanning an expert standard in the activity field hard. This not just represents a physical test, it header’s my point of view. I not just observe thing an alternate way additionally get the hang of thing in an alternate manner. For me I am a sound-related, hands on student. As preservation official they ought to likewise be capable impart verbally and nonverbally with individuals and manage significant levels of weight. All together for a protection official to be fruitful, that why I am here at like state deferring with my physical impediment. To arrive at these fantasies here at lake express the PC innovation is off the visits I have a hp PC that I have programming that I can peruse to me called read please and I can peruse to my PC with winged serpent. I likewise have a filtering pen that works extraordinary for schoolwork and notes. I likewise got a computerized recording device that will connect to my PC and I can religious community that in to composed later notes. The ORSC can get any books on tap for me and I can reduce to him as opposed to perusing them with all the innovation I can document my objectives her at lake state. I talked with Casey Elliot from the Shiawasse Conservation Office. In his brief timeframe there, he said that he had discovered that it was critical to chip in your time as an understudy. He moved on from Central Michigan University two years a go. He revealed to me that planned businesses took a gander at his graduation records and on the off chance that he had invested any energy as a volunteer while going to school it would have helped his activity possibilities. He spoke a little about his activity and what he does. He truly doesn't have a commonplace day, yet a few days he strolling ranch fields to ensure that ranchers are cultivating the land they guarantee to be cultivating.

Prevalence and incidence rates for diseases or health conditions allow Term Paper

Pervasiveness and rate rates for sicknesses or wellbeing conditions permit us to make examinations between networks - Term Paper Example This article will think about and contrasts weight and overweight of the blacks in San Diego against different networks in the nation and against the national stoutness circumstance in Canada. CDC (2012) characterizes body weight influenced by a blend of qualities, culture among others; then again, heftiness is known as the state of overweight in which an individual has body weight which is more than is viewed as solid for that individual’s tallness. Frequently the weight list (BMI) is utilized to gauge this condition be that as it may; most clinical experts don't have to utilize this technique as negligible perception of the patient can be utilized to assess the condition. As indicated by Shields, Carroll and Ogden (2011), among kids matured between six to ten years of age, it is characterized to be at or over the sex and age explicit ninety seventh percentile of BMI. Then again in grown-ups it is estimated as a Body Mass Index of in any event 30kg/m2. In the province of San Diego, the quantity of blacks who are hefty is high and as will be demonstrated as follows, this network in the area has a high level of all the more then 40% among the grown-ups. Other late reports have anticipated that the number could even be higher among youngsters. Grown-ups that might be depicted as neither overweight nor large as indicated by the 2009 to 2010 overview of grown-ups in the district among the blacks remained at a unimportant 23.2 percent. In the passage beneath, it is essential to look at it against other ethnic and racial networks in the area (California Healthcare Foundation, 2010). In the province of San Diego, the four significant ethnic and racial networks utilized in heftiness review are; blacks, whites, Hispanics and Mexican-Americans. In an overview directed somewhere in the range of 2009 and 2010, blacks had on normal the most elevated number of grown-ups with heftiness. Hispanics and Mexican Americans were on normal had the most elevated number of indi viduals who are overweight; in this way, the quantity of grown-ups was resolved as individuals who had the at any rate 20 years. The rate number of white individuals in the region who are corpulent remained at 33.2 while a higher percent of 33.5 percent were overweight. The rate number of blacks in the region who are hefty in the region was the most elevated at 46.6 percent while just 28.3 percent of the dark populace in the area was overweight. The rate number of Hispanics in the district, who are corpulent, was 38.4 percent and 39.3 percent for the overweight. In the province during a 2009 segment look into, the focal locale of the area had the most noteworthy level of stout grown-ups at around 29.3 percent though the North Central district had a pitiful 14.2 percent, the least in the region among large grown-ups (Ogden et al., 2012). An investigation directed in the year 2007 and 2009 in Canada to check the pace of weight in the nation uncovered that the rate in that nation was 2 4.1 percent. Dissimilar to in the area of San Diego where there is critical number of blacks among the populace, Canada really has a higher number of South Asians. Over a similar period, the two reports have uncovered some accursing data; the predominance paces of stoutness in the two areas have expanded essentially. The two reports have additionally noticed that the quantity of corpulent among blacks in San Diego and the populace in Canada among grown-up men matured 60 to 74 are high. All in all, whist dark populace have a

Politics Dissertations - Culture Contested Concept - Free Essay Example

More than a half century ago noted American poet T. S. Eliot eloquently expressed the complexity of the term culture, a term that is used so freely and with so little aforethought today. As Eliot learned, culture is quite difficult to define. He succeeded in describing the term, as Lord Evans (2001) noted, but a definition eluded even someone with Eliots gift for words. But Eliot was not alone in wrestling with defining culture; experts in a variety of disciplines have yet to agree on a consensus definition and some even contest the concept of culture itself. As this essay will demonstrate, controversy surrounding the concept of culture can be attributed, to a large degree, to the failure by those who study the topic to adopt a widely-accepted definition that adequately captures the complexity of the term. After presenting the results of a literature review on various definitions of culture and the topic of culture as a contested concept, the focus of the essay turns to the significance of culture in conflict resolution, demonstrating that culture is a critical factor in successfully resolving conflicts and, further, that a consensus definition for culture that reflects the realities of modern society would facilitate the conflict resolution process. Culture Defined Experts may not be able to agree on a definition for culture, but they apparently experience no difficulty in agreeing that culture is a difficult term to define (Edensor 2002; Hall 1980, cited in Park 2005). Susan Wright (1998) reports the existence of at least 164 definitions for culture. Noted sociologist and anthropologist Clyde Kluckhohn (1949) defined culture eleven different ways in his book Mirror for Man, and he and his colleagues (1952) catalogued more than 160 definitions for culture into six categories descriptive, historical, normative, psychological, generic, and incomplete. Raymond Williams writes that, in the term culture, history has bestowed one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language, adding that culture can be used to refer to a wide range of phenomena and that the concept of culture has produced major political and philosophical disagreement (Williams 1983, cited in Chay 1990). Kluckhohn (1954) developed one of the most often cited definitions for culture in writing that it consists in patterned ways of thinking, feeling and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts. Culture has also been defined as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Tylor 1871, cited in Kluckhohn 1952); the human-made part of the environment (Herskovits 1955, cited in Earley and Randal 1997); shared meaning systems (Shweder and LeVine 1984, cited in Earley and Randal 1997); the sum total and organization of the social heritages which have acquired a social meaning because of racial temperament and of the historical life of the group (Park and Burgess 1921, cited in Kluckhohn 1952); the mode of life followed by the community or the tribe [including] all standa rdized social procedures (Wissler 1929, cited in Kluckhohn 1952); the sum of mens adjustments to their life-conditionsattained only through the combined action of variation, selection, and transmission (Sumner and Keller 1927, cited in Kluckhohn 1952); and a product of human association (Groves 1928, cited in Kluckhohn 1952). In the aggregate, the various definitions just presented express the theme of shared meanings acquired then passed from generation to generation. They also describe culture at group and societal levels. Other experts describe the term from the perspective of the individual or otherwise provide for differences in cultural attributes within a group or society. Hofstede (1980, cited in Earley and Randel 1997) defines culture as a set of mental programs that control an individuals responses in a given context. Park (2005) describes culture as a marker for difference in society. And Rohner (1984, cited in Earley and Randel 1997) defines the term as the totality of equivalent and complementary learned meanings maintained by a human population, or by identifiable segments of a population, and transmitted from one generation to the next. The phrase equivalent and complementary learned meanings is critical to an understanding of Rohners definition, according to Earley and Randel, because it p rovides for individual variances in interpretations of learned meanings within a culture. Although these definitions represent only a small portion of those revealed from a review of the literature, they provide some insight into the range of thought on the topic of culture, especially perspectives on assessing culture at various levels societal, group, and individual. As will be suggested, the difficulty experts have experienced in defining culture helps to explain why culture is a contested concept and why a solution to the definitional problem is important to resolving the debate about the role of culture in conflict resolution and, ultimately, to facilitating the conflict resolution process. Culture as a Contested Concept Fantasia and Hirsch (1995, cited in Ellis and Thompson, 1997) write, with a hint of sarcasm, that cultural theorists can take pride in their creation of a contested terrain in the study of culture. The literature review indicated that most experts who contest the concept of culture base their disputes on the belief that, in the modern world, there is no all-embracing culture in which everyone in a given society blindly holds precisely the same shared meanings, which is suggested by most traditional definitions of culture. The concept of culture has long been contested (Cooper and Denner 1998; Mathews 2000). Bhabha (1993) writes that, as people have increasingly migrated to other lands in modern times, they have only taken part of their total culture with them. The culture of these migrants becomes a mixture of the cultures from their native societies and those found in the society in which they entered. Heath (1997) writes that experts no longer consider culture to be a viable concept in a world of volatile, situated, and overlapping social identities, contending that various disciplines have taken issue with culture as a concept for various reasons. She writes that educators protest the concept on the basis of its transmission of connotations of objectivity, discreteness, essentialism, and ahistoricism; sociologists challenge the concept on the grounds of production, mass consumerism, and popular entertainment; and experts from the human sciences contest the totalizing universalizing perspectives of culture, replacing these arbitrary constructions with permeable membranes that are not predictable or deterministic. Heath (1997) also points to the fuzzy boundaries of culture, arguing that specific cultures are hard to isolate and claiming that variations are becoming apparent within groups that have been traditionally viewed as possessing unique cultures. Edensor (2002) writes that popular culture is having a major cross-cultural effect on traditional cultures. Childs and Storry (1999) claim that cultures are changing so quickly that a snapshot of current cultural practices is inevitably going to be blurred. Mathews (2000), in noting that even anthropologists are increasingly avoiding the term culture, poses the question as to whether in todays world of global flows and interactions cultural labels are appropriate and claims that individuals personally select which elements of a given culture to apply in their behavioural decisions. Brightman (1995, cited in Mathews 2000) notes t hat some experts are enclosing culture in quotation marks to indicate their ambivalence, self-consciousness or censure about the term. In closing, perhaps Earley and Randel (1997) offer the one of the more revealing insights into the controversy over the term culture: We suggest that while the romance of culture as a grand concept capturing the complexity of society and life is tempting, this conceptualization is both limiting and misleading. The Significance of Culture in Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution and culture are intrinsically intertwined. Rubin and colleagues (1994, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997) define conflict as perceived divergence of interest, or a belief that parties current aspirations cannot be achieved simultaneously. Hopmann (1998) contends that, in a complex world, conflict is unavoidable. Conflict is an inevitable consequence of the interdependence inherent in human interaction (Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997). Processes used to resolve conflicts must be considered within a larger cultural context (Just 1991). Conflicts are cultural events in every sense of the word, according to Lederach (1991). Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997) write that conflict resolution is a cultural phenomenon. Avruch (1991) refers to conflicts and conflict resolution approaches as cultural events. Various studies have confirmed that conflict resolution processes are culture-specific (Avruch and Black 1991; Avurch, Black and Scimecca 1991, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997). Ross (1993 , cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997) originated the term culture of conflict to describe the norms and institutions that a society applies in conflicts. Beliefs, attitudes, and patterns of behaviours about conflict are internalised by people in their cultural settings and, in turn, strengthened by cultural norms and institutions. And, because conflict is a cultural phenomenon, the methods used to perceive and respond to conflict are typically transparent to those involved because these methods are based on assumptions that they do not question. (Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997) Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997) urge caution in applying conflict resolution approaches across cultural lines. For instance, they recommend that generic manuals prescribing conflict resolution procedures to be used in all cultural settings should be avoided (Avruch 1991). People involved in conflict resolution should be flexible and sensitive to cultural differences, according to Lederach (1991, cited in Bjrkqvist) and Benvenisti (1986, cited in Avruch 1991). Benvenisti chastises conflict resolvers who believe that communal conflicts are like a chessboard where one can think up the best arrangement of chess pieces and move them all at once. Cultures vary in the mechanisms they use in resolving conflict with some applying formal mechanisms such as court systems and others using informal approaches such as gossip, teasing, and exclusion (Black 1993; Fry 1992, 1994; Hollan 1988; White 1991, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997). Versi (2002) suggests that if you know where the other person is coming from culturally, you can develop a more effective approach to resolving conflict. Rubin (1994, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997), articulates four generic strategies used in conflict resolution: (1) contending, which involves a high level of concern for ones own results and a low level of concern for the others results; (2) problem solving, which involves high levels of concern for ones own results and those of the other party; (3) yielding, which involves a low level of concern for ones own results and a high level of concern for the others results; and (4) avoiding, which involves low levels of concern for ones own results and those of the other party. Of these, the authors argue that problem solving is the most effective strategy because it permits both contenders to win. Fortunately, the problem solving strategy is effective across a broad spectrum of cultures. In problem solving, the use of a non-partisan th ird-party facilitator has also been found to be effective across cultures (Black 1993, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997). The Culture Definition Dilemma and Its Effects on Optimal Conflict Resolution Outcomes The debate about culture, specifically the controversy surrounding the validity of culture as a concept, is important to the field of conflict resolution because cultural factors are so inexorably linked to conflicts and their effective resolutions. Results of the literature review of definitions for the term culture and the review of literature on culture as a contested concept suggest that definitions describing culture as a group or societal phenomenon without allowing for variance within the group or society may be at the root of the cultural concept validity dispute. As Bhabha (1993), Childs and Storry (1999), Edensor (2002), Heath (1997), and Mathews (2000) proffer, modern societies are increasingly integrating and, as this occurs, their members are mixing their unique cultural attributes with one another thereby blurring the distinctions that once defined individual cultures. But does this mean that the concept of culture is invalid? The answer to that question lies in the definitions of culture that allow for individual variance in cultural attributes. For instance, the definition offered by Rohner (1984, cited in Earley and Randel 1997), who defines the term as the totality of equivalent and complementary learned meanings maintained by a human population, or by identifiable segments of a population, and transmitted from one generation to the next, provides for individual variances in interpretations of learned meanings within a culture. This definition seems offer the flexibility to adequately define culture within the context of modern inter mingled societies, thus revalidating the concept of culture. How, then, would a definition for culture that provides for individual variance relate to conflict resolution? Although a definition that considers everyone within a particular culture to share precisely the same cultural attributes would help to make conflict resolution a much more predictable process, such a definition does not reflect the realities of modern societies. However, knowing that members of a culture share equivalent and complementary learned meanings, as proposed by Rohner, permits a certain degree of predictability whilst simultaneously providing needed flexibility to accommodate individual variance. There may even be an additional benefit in this condition for practitioners in conflict resolution. Individual variance may actually serve to weaken strong cultural barriers that have, in the past, obstructed successful conflict resolution. For instance, as cultures integrate more fully, their members typically become more understanding of each others cultural attributes . This understanding should provide an enhanced common basis for resolving conflicts and may even reduce the incidence of conflicts themselves. Conclusion In the modern global village, as opportunities increase for people and their cultures to interact, the need for effective conflict resolution has never been more critical or more difficult, yet experts in a variety of disciplines are engaged in seemingly endless philosophical arguments about the validity of culture as a concept, diverting their energies from what seem to be more productive endeavours such as developing new techniques for conflict resolution that could lead to a more peaceful world. Adopting a more flexible definition for culture one that recognises individual variances and the realities of the modern world would be a first step in achieving this worthy goal. References Avruch, K. (1991) Introduction: Culture and conflict-resolution, in K. Avruch, P. W. Black, and J. A. Scimecca, eds., Conflict Resolution: Cross Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood. Avruch, K., and Black, P. W. (1991) The culture question and conflict resolution, Peace and Change 16. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Avruch, K., Black, P. W., and Scimecca, J. A., (1991) Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Benvenisti, Meron (1986) Conflicts and Contradictions, New York: Villard Books/Random House. Cited in Avruch (1991). Bhabha, Homi K. (1993) Cultures in between, Artforum International 32:1, September 1993. Bjrkqvist, Kaj, and Fry, Douglas P. (1997) Cultural Variation in Conflict Resolution: Alternatives to Violence, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Black, D. (1993) The Social Structure of Right and Wrong, San Diego, California: Academic Press. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Brightman, R. (1995) Forget culture: Replacement, transcendence, relexification, Cultural Anthropology 10:4. Cited in Mathews (2000). Chay, Jongsuk (1990) Culture and International Relations, New York: Praeger. Childs, Peter, and Storry, Mike (1999) Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture, London: Routledge. Cooper, Catherine R., and Denner, Jill (1998) Theories linking culture and psychology: Universal and community-specific processes, Annual Review of Psychology 49. Earley, P. Christopher, and Randel, Amy E. (1997) Culture without borders: An individual-level approach to cross-cultural research in organizational behavior, in Cary L. Cooper and Susan E. Jackson, eds., Creating Tomorrows Organizations: A Handbook for Future Research in Organizational Behavior, Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Edensor, Tim (2002) National Identity, Popular Culture and Everyday Life, Oxford: Berg. Eliot, T. S. (1949) Notes Towards the Definition of Culture, New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 62. Ellis, Richard J., and Thompson, Michael (1997) Culture Matters: Essays in Honor of Aaron Wildavsky, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Evans, Lord (2001) The economy of the imagination, New Statesman 130:4544, July 2, 2001. Fantasia, Rick, and Hirsch, Eric L. (1995), Culture and rebellion: the appropriation and transformation of the veil in the Algerian Revolution, in Hank Johnston and Bert Klandermans, eds., Social Movements and Culture, Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. Cited in Ellis and Thompson (1997). Fry, D. P. (1992) Female aggression among the Zapotec of Oaxaca, Mexico, in K. Bjrkqvist and P. Niemel, eds., Of Mice and Women: Aspects of Female Aggression, San Diego, California: Academic Press. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Fry, D. P. (1994) Maintaining social tranquillity: Internal and external loci of aggression control, in L. E. Sponsel and T. Gregor, eds., The Anthropology of Peace and Nonviolence, Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Groves, E. R. (1928) An Introduction to Sociology, New York. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Hall, S. (1980) Cultural studies: Two paradigms, in F. E. N. B. Dirk and S. B. Ortner, eds., A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Cited in Park (2005). Heath, Shirley Brice (1997) Culture: Contested realm in research on children and youth, Personality and Social Psychology Review 1:3. Herskovits, M. J. (1955) Cultural Anthropology, New York: Knopf. Cited in Earley and Randel (1997). Hofstede, G. (1980) Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Newbury Park, California: Sage. Cited in Earley and Randel (1997). Hollan, D. (1988) Staying cool in Toraja: Informal strategies for the management of anger and hostility in a non-violent society, Ethos 16. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Hopmann, Terrence (1998) The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Conflicts, Columbia, South Carolina: Columbia South Carolina Press. Just, Peter (1991) Conflict resolution and moral community among the Dou Donggo, in Kevin Avruch, Peter W. Black, and Joseph A. Scimecca, eds., Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. Kluckhohn, C. (1949) Mirror for Man, New York: Wittlesey House. Kluckhohn, Clyde (1954) Culture and Behavior, New York: Free Press. Kluckhohn, Clyde et al. (1952) Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum. Lederach, John Paul (1991) Of nets, nails, and problems: The folk language of conflict resolution in a Central American settting, in Kevin Avruch, Peter W. Black, and Joseph A. Scimecca, eds., Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. Mathews, Gordon (2000) Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket, London: Routledge. Park, R. E., and Burgess, E. W. (1921) Introduction to the Science of Sociology, Chicago. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Park, Yoosun (2005) Culture as deficit: A critical discourse analysis of the concept of culture in contemporary social work discourse, Journal of Sociology Social Work 32:3. Rohner, R. R. (1984) Toward a conception of culture for cross-cultural psychology, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 15:2. Cited in Earley and Randel (1997). Ross, M. H. (1993) The Management of Conflict, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Rubin, J. Z., Pruitt, D. G., and Kim, S. H. (1994) Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate and Settlement, New York: McGraw-Hill. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Shweder, R. A. and LeVine, R. A. (1984) Culture Theory: Essays on Mind, Self, and Emotion, New York: Cambridge University Press. Cited in Earley and Randel (1997). Sumner, W. G., and Keller, A. G. (1927) The Science of Society, New Haven, Connecticut. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Tylor, E. B. (1871) Primitive Culture, Boston. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Versi, Anver (2002) Coping with culture clash, African Business, May 2002. White, G. M. (1991) Rhetoric, reality, and resolving conflicts: Disentangling in a Solomon Islands society, in K. Avruch, P. W. Black, and J. A. Schimecca, eds., Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Wissler, C. (1929) An Introduction to Social Anthropology, New York. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Williams, Raymond (1983) Keywords, London: Fontana. Cited in Chay (1990). Wright, Susan (1998) The politicization of culture, Anthropology Today 14:1.

Middle School Problem Solution Essay Topics - Four Different Essay Topics

Middle School Problem Solution Essay Topics - Four Different Essay TopicsOne of the best ways to get your students writing papers is to provide them with a number of Middle School Problem Solution Essay Topics. These essay topics allow you to place your ideas in the essay and also help your students to more easily write their papers.Problems are one of the best teaching tools in school today. In the process of teaching them how to solve problems that are important to them, you will see that there are four different types of problems that your students have to solve.The first problem is the first issue you have to begin solving. The first topic that you will need to address is to come up with some sort of incentive for your student. The first thing you need to find out is why the incentive you are providing is important to them.Why should they be interested in the incentive? Why is it that they are actually able to find some reason to be interested in the incentive? This means that yo u will need to find a way to identify the main reason that will make the incentive important to them.The second problem is the one where you are going to teach your students about learning about situations that they can learn from. When you do this, you will be showing your students that this is an area where they can take some lessons, and a problem that they will be able to solve.Kids are always curious, and kids really love to find out the answers to questions. The first two problems that you will need to solve in your middle school problem solution essay topics are going to be in the first one category.The last problem is going to be your middle school problem solution essay topics that are going to allow you to show your students how you are going to find the answers to their questions. Using this process, you will be able to give your students plenty of ideas on how they can solve the problems that they have come up with.